This document lists and provides the description of the name (keywords) of the anaddb input variables to be used in the input file for the anaddb executable.

a2fsmear¶

Mnemonics: Alpha2F SMEARing factor
Characteristics: ENERGY
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_ElPhonTransport
Variable type: real
Dimensions: scalar
Default value: 2e-05

Test list (click to open). Moderately used, [1/65] in all anaddb tests, [0/9] in anaddb tutorials

Smearing width for the Eliashberg $\alpha^2$F function (similar to a phonon DOS), which is sampled on a finite q and k grid. The Dirac delta functions in energy are replaced by Gaussians of width a2fsmear (by default in Hartree).

alphon¶

Mnemonics: ALign PHONon mode eigendisplacements
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_nonlinear
Variable type: integer
Dimensions: scalar
Default value: 0

Test list (click to open). Moderately used, [3/65] in all anaddb tests, [1/9] in anaddb tutorials

In case alphon is set to 1, ANADDB will compute linear combinations of the eigendisplacements of modes that are degenerate (twice or three times), in order to align the mode effective charges along the cartesian axes. This option is useful in the mode-by-mode decomposition of the electrooptic tensor, and to compute the Raman susceptibilities of individual phonon modes. In case of uniaxial crystals, the z-axis should be chosen along the optical axis.

asr¶

Mnemonics: Acoustic Sum Rule
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_Phonons, topic_PhononBands
Variable type: integer
Dimensions: scalar
Default value: 1
Comment: was 0 before v5.3

Test list (click to open). Moderately used, [20/65] in all anaddb tests, [3/9] in anaddb tutorials

Governs the imposition of the Acoustic Sum Rule (ASR).

• 0 → no ASR for interatomic force constants is imposed.
• 1 or 2 → the ASR for interatomic force constants is imposed by modifying the on-site interatomic force constants, in a symmetric way ( asr =2), or in the more general case, unconstrained way ( asr =1).

More detailed explanations: the total energy should be invariant under translation of the crystal as a whole. This would guarantee that the three lowest phonon modes at Gamma have zero frequency (Acoustic Sum Rule - ASR). Unfortunately, the way the DDB is generated (presence of a discrete grid of points for the evaluation of the exchange-correlation potential and energy) slightly breaks the translational invariance. Well, in some pathological cases, the breaking can be rather important.

Two quantities are affected: the interatomic forces (or dynamical matrices), and the effective charges. The ASR for the effective charges is called the charge neutrality sum rule, and will be dealt with by the variable chneut. The ASR for the interatomic forces can be restored, by modifying the interatomic force of the atom on itself, (called self-IFC), as soon as the dynamical matrix at Gamma is known. This quantity should be equal to minus the sum of all interatomic forces generated by all others atoms (action-reaction law!), which is determined by the dynamical matrix at Gamma.

So, if asr is non-zero, the correction to the self-force will be determined, and the self-force will be imposed to be consistent with the ASR. This correction will work if IFCs are computed (ifcflag/=0), as well as if the IFCs are not computed (ifcflag==0). In both cases, the phonon frequencies will not be the same as the ones determined by the output of abinit, RF case. If you want to check that the DDB is correct, by comparing phonon frequencies from abinit and anaddb, you should turn off both asr and chneut.

Until now, we have not explained the difference between asr =1 and asr =2. This is rather subtle. In some local low-symmetry cases (basically the effective charges should be anisotropic), when the dipole-dipole contribution is evaluated and subtracted, the ASR cannot be imposed without breaking the symmetry of the on-site interatomic forces. That explains why two options are given: the second case ( asr =2, sym) does not entirely impose the ASR, but simply the part that keeps the on-site interatomic forces symmetric (which means that the acoustic frequencies do not go to zero exactly), the first case ( asr =1, asym) imposes the ASR, but breaks the symmetry. asr =2 is to be preferred for the analysis of the interatomic force constant in real space, while asr =1 should be used to get the phonon band structure.

(NOTE: in order to confuse even more the situation, it seems that the acoustic phonon frequencies generated by the code for both the sym and asym options are exactly the same likely due to an extra symmetrisation in the diagonalisation routine. Of course, when the matrix at Gamma has been generated from IFCs coming from dynamical matrices none of which are Gamma, the breaking of the ASR is rather severe. In order to clear the situation, one should use a diagonalisation routine for non-hermitian matrices. So, at the present status of understanding, one should always use the asr =2 option ).

atifc¶

Mnemonics: AToms for IFC analysis
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_PhononBands
Variable type: integer
Dimensions: (natifc)
Default value: 0

Test list (click to open). Very frequently used, [33/65] in all anaddb tests, [4/9] in anaddb tutorials

The actual numbers of the atoms for which the interatomic force constant have to be written and eventually analysed.

WARNING: there will be an in-place change of meaning of atifc (this is confusing, and should be taken away in one future version - sorry for this).

band_gap¶

Mnemonics: BAND GAP
Characteristics: ENERGY
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_ElPhonTransport
Variable type: real
Dimensions: scalar
Default value: 999.0

Test list (click to open). Moderately used, [3/65] in all anaddb tests, [0/9] in anaddb tutorials

Allow setting the target band gap, in eV. (elphflag=1).

brav¶

Mnemonics: BRAVais
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_PhononBands
Variable type: integer
Dimensions: scalar
Default value: 1

Test list (click to open). Very frequently used, [50/65] in all anaddb tests, [6/9] in anaddb tutorials

Allows to specify the Bravais lattice of the crystal, in order to help to generate a grid of special q points.

• 1 → all the lattices (including FCC, BCC and hexagonal)
• 2 → specific for Face Centered lattices
• 3 → specific for Body Centered lattices
• 4 → specific for the Hexagonal lattice

Note that in the latter case, the rprim of the unit cell has to be

1.0 0.0 0.0 -.5 sqrt(3)/2 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0

in order for the code to work properly.

Warning: the generation of q-points in anaddb is rather old-fashioned, and should be replaced by routines used by the main abinit code.

Warning: The value brav = -1 is also possible. It is used for backwards compatibility: it corresponds to brav = 1, with the weights for the interpolation of the phonon band structure determined by another (now obsolete) algorithm than the default brav = 1 algorithm based on Wigner-Seitz cells (new as v8.7). The default algorithm has a correct treatment of symmetries.

chneut¶

Mnemonics: Integer for CHarge NEUTrality treatment
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_Phonons
Variable type: integer
Dimensions: scalar
Default value: 0

Test list (click to open). Very frequently used, [39/65] in all anaddb tests, [6/9] in anaddb tutorials

Set the treatment of the Charge Neutrality requirement for the effective charges.

• chneut=0 → no ASR for effective charges is imposed
• chneut=1 → the ASR for effective charges is imposed by giving to each atom an equal portion of the missing charge. See Eq.(48) in [Gonze1997a].
• chneut=2 → the ASR for effective charges is imposed by giving to each atom a portion of the missing charge proportional to the screening charge already present. See Eq.(49) in [Gonze1997a].

More detailed explanation: the sum of the effective charges in the unit cell should be equal to zero. It is not the case in the DDB, and this sum rule is sometimes strongly violated. In particular, this will make the lowest frequencies at Gamma non-zero. There is no “best” way of imposing the ASR on effective charges.

dieflag¶

Mnemonics: DIElectric FLAG
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_Phonons
Variable type: integer
Dimensions: scalar
Default value: 0

Test list (click to open). Very frequently used, [36/65] in all anaddb tests, [4/9] in anaddb tutorials

Frequency-dependent dielectric tensor flag.

• 0 → No dielectric tensor is calculated.

• 1 → The frequency-dependent dielectric tensor is calculated. Requirements for preceding response-function DDB generation run: electric-field and full atomic-displacement responses. Set rfstrs = 1, 2, or 3 (preferably 3). Set rfatpol and rfdir to do a full calculation of phonons at Q=0. The frequencies are defined by the nfreq, frmin, frmax variables. Also, the generalized Lyddane-Sachs-Teller relation will be used as an independent check of the dielectric tensor at zero frequency (this for the directions defined in the phonon list 2. See nph2l.

• 2 → Only the electronic dielectric tensor is calculated. It corresponds to a zero-frequency homogeneous field, with quenched atomic positions. For large band gap materials, this quantity is measurable because the highest phonon frequency is on the order of a few tenths of eV, and the band gap is larger than 5eV. Requirements for preceding response-function DDB generation: electric-field response. Set rfelfd = 1 or 3 (preferably 3). Note that the same information on the electronic dielectric tensor will be printed in the .out file of the rfelfd run.

• 3 → Compute and print the relaxed-ion dielectric tensor. Requirements for preceding response-function DDB generation run: electric-field and full atomic-displacement responses. Set rfstrs = 1, 2, or 3 (preferably 3). Set rfatpol and rfdir to do a full calculation of phonons at Q=0 (needed because the inverse of force-constant tensor is required). Furthermore, in the anaddb input file the variable nph2l must be nonzero in order to initiate computation of atomic displacements. If only the dielectric response is needed it is sufficient to set nph2l to 1 and leave qph2l at its default value (the Gamma point). Note that the relaxed-ion dielectric tensor computed here can also be obtained as the zero-frequency limit of the frequency-dependent dielectric tensor using input variables dieflag =1 and frmin=0.0. (The results obtained using these two approaches should agree to good numerical precision.) The ability to compute and print the static dielectric tensor here is provided for completeness and consistency with the other tensor quantities that are computed in this section of the code.

• 4 → Calculate dielectric tensor of both relaxed ion and free stress. We need information of internal strain and elastic tensor (relaxed ion) in this computation. So please set: elaflag=2,3,4 or 5 and instrflag=1

dipdip¶

Mnemonics: DIPole-DIPole interaction
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_PhononBands
Variable type: integer
Dimensions: scalar
Default value: 1

Test list (click to open). Very frequently used, [48/65] in all anaddb tests, [6/9] in anaddb tutorials
• 0 → the dipole-dipole interaction is not handled separately in the treatment of the interatomic forces. This option is available for testing purposes or if effective charge and/or dielectric tensor is not available in the derivative database. It gives results much less accurate than dipdip =1.
• 1 → the dipole-dipole interaction is subtracted from the dynamical matrices before Fourier transform, so that only the short-range part is handled in real space. Of course, it is reintroduced analytically when the phonon spectrum is interpolated, or if the interatomic force constants have to be analysed in real space.

The abinit input variable dipdip has a similar meaning.

dosdeltae¶

Mnemonics: DOS DELTA in Energy
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_PhononBands
Variable type: real
Dimensions: scalar
Default value: 4.5E-06 Hartree = 1 cm$^{-1}$

Test list (click to open). Rarely used, [0/65] in all anaddb tests, [0/9] in anaddb tutorials

The input variable dosdeltae is used to define the step of the frequency grid used to calculate the phonon density of states when prtdos = 1.

dossmear¶

Mnemonics: DOS SMEARing value
Characteristics: ENERGY
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_PhononBands
Variable type: real
Dimensions: scalar
Default value: 4.5E-05 Hartree = 10 cm$^{-1}$

Test list (click to open). Moderately used, [1/65] in all anaddb tests, [0/9] in anaddb tutorials

dossmear defines the gaussian broadening used to calculate the phonon density of states when prtdos = 1.

dossum¶

Mnemonics: DOS SUM
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_PhononBands
Variable type: integer
Dimensions: scalar
Default value: 0

Test list (click to open). Moderately used, [1/65] in all anaddb tests, [0/9] in anaddb tutorials

Set the flag to 1 to calculate the two phonon dos density of states. Sum and Difference for the Gamma point. The DOS is converged and based on that, the sum and difference are reported in the output file.

dostol¶

Mnemonics: DOS TOLerance
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_PhononBands
Variable type: real
Dimensions: scalar
Default value: 0.25

Test list (click to open). Moderately used, [3/65] in all anaddb tests, [0/9] in anaddb tutorials

The relative tolerance on the phonon density of state. This number will determine when the series of grids with which the DOS is calculated can be stopped, i.e. the mean of the relative change going from one grid to the next bigger is smaller than dostol.

eivec¶

Mnemonics: EIgenVECtors
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_Phonons, topic_PhononBands
Variable type: integer
Dimensions: scalar
Default value: 0

Test list (click to open). Very frequently used, [35/65] in all anaddb tests, [5/9] in anaddb tutorials
• 0 → do not write the phonon eigenvectors;
• 1 or 2 → write the phonon eigenvectors;
• 4 → generate output files for band2eps (drawing tool for the phonon band structure);

elaflag¶

Mnemonics: ELAstic tensor FLAG
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_Elastic
Variable type: integer
Dimensions: scalar
Default value: 0

Test list (click to open). Moderately used, [6/65] in all anaddb tests, [3/9] in anaddb tutorials

Flag for calculation of elastic and compliance tensors

• 0 → No elastic or compliance tensor will be calculated.
• 1 → Only clamped-ion elastic and compliance tensors will be calculated. Requirements for preceding response-function DDB generation run: Strain perturbation. Set rfstrs to 1, 2, or 3. Note that rfstrs=3 is recommended so that responses to both uniaxial and shear strains will be computed.
• 2 → Both relaxed- and clamped-ion elastic and compliance tensor will be calculated, but only the relaxed-ion quantities will be printed. The input variable instrflag should also be set to 1, because the internal-strain tensor is needed to compute the relaxed-ion corrections. Requirements for preceding response-function DDB generation run: Strain and atomic-displacement responses at Q=0. Set rfstrs = 1, 2, or 3 (preferably 3). Set rfatpol and rfdir to do a full calculation of phonons at Q=0 (needed because the inverse of force-constant tensor is required).
• 3 → Both relaxed and clamped-ion elastic and compliance tensors will be printed out. The input variable instrflag should also be set to 1. Requirements for preceding response-function DDB generation run: Same as for elaflag =2.
• 4 → Calculate the elastic and compliance tensors (relaxed ion) at fixed displacement field, the relaxed-ion tensors at fixed electric field will be printed out too, for comparison. When elaflag =4, we need the information of internal strain and relaxed-ion dielectric tensor to build the whole tensor, so we need set instrflag=1 and dieflag=3 or 4 .
• 5 → Calculate the relaxed ion elastic and compliance tensors, considering the stress left inside cell. At the same time, bare relaxed ion tensors will still be printed out for comparison. In this calculation, stress tensor is needed to compute the correction term, so one is supposed to merge the first order derivative data base (DDB file) with the second order derivative data base (DDB file) into a new DDB file, which can contain both information. And the program will also check for the users.

elph_fermie¶

Mnemonics: ELectron-PHonon FERMI Energy
Characteristics: ENERGY
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_ElPhonTransport
Variable type: real
Dimensions: scalar
Default value: 0.0

Test list (click to open). Moderately used, [2/65] in all anaddb tests, [0/9] in anaddb tutorials

If non-zero, will fix artificially the value of the Fermi energy (e.g. for semiconductors), in the electron-phonon case. Note that elph_fermie and ep_extrael should not be used at the same time. (elphflag=1).

elphflag¶

Mnemonics: ELectron-PHonon FLAG
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_PhononWidth, topic_ElPhonTransport
Variable type: integer
Dimensions: scalar
Default value: 0

Test list (click to open). Moderately used, [17/65] in all anaddb tests, [3/9] in anaddb tutorials

If elphflag is 1, anaddb performs an analysis of the electron-phonon coupling.

elphsmear¶

Mnemonics: ELectron-PHonon SMEARing factor
Characteristics: ENERGY
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_ElPhonTransport
Variable type: real
Dimensions: scalar
Default value: 0.01 Hartree

Test list (click to open). Moderately used, [2/65] in all anaddb tests, [2/9] in anaddb tutorials

Smearing width for the Fermi surface integration (in Hartree by default).

enunit¶

Mnemonics: ENergy UNITs
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_Phonons, topic_PhononBands
Variable type: integer
Dimensions: scalar
Default value: 0

Test list (click to open). Moderately used, [11/65] in all anaddb tests, [1/9] in anaddb tutorials

Give the energy for the phonon frequency output (in the output file, not in the console log file, for which Hartree units are used).

• 0 → Hartree and cm$^{-1}$;
• 1 → meV and Thz;
• 2 → Hartree, cm$^{-1}$, meV, Thz, and Kelvin.

ep_b_max¶

Mnemonics: Electron Phonon integration Band MAXimum
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_ElPhonTransport
Variable type: integer
Dimensions: scalar
Default value: 0

Test list (click to open). Moderately used, [1/65] in all anaddb tests, [0/9] in anaddb tutorials

When set, and telphint is equal to 2, this variable determines the k-point integration weights which are used in the electron-phonon part of the code. Instead of weighting according to a distance from the Fermi surface, an equal weight is given to all k-points, for all bands between ep_b_min and ep_b_max.

ep_b_min¶

Mnemonics: Electron Phonon integration Band MINimum
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_ElPhonTransport
Variable type: integer
Dimensions: scalar
Default value: 0

Test list (click to open). Moderately used, [1/65] in all anaddb tests, [0/9] in anaddb tutorials

As for ep_b_max, but ep_b_min is the lower bound on the band integration, instead of the upper bound. See also telphint.

ep_extrael¶

Mnemonics: Electron-Phonon EXTRA ELectrons
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_ElPhonTransport
Variable type: real
Dimensions: scalar
Default value: 0.0

Test list (click to open). Moderately used, [3/65] in all anaddb tests, [0/9] in anaddb tutorials

If non-zero, will fix artificially the number of extra electrons per unit cell (positive for electron doping), according to a doped case. (e.g. for semiconductors), in the electron-phonon case. This field can also be filled with doping concentration, in the units of cm$^{-3}$ (negative for electron doping). Note that ep_extrael and elph_fermie should not be used at the same time. (elphflag=1).

ep_int_gkk¶

Mnemonics: Electron-Phonon INTerpolation of GKK
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_PhononWidth
Variable type: integer
Dimensions: scalar
Default value: 0

Test list (click to open). Rarely used, [0/65] in all anaddb tests, [0/9] in anaddb tutorials

This flag determines whether the interpolation of the electron-phonon matrix elements over the coarse k-grid is done ( ep_int_gkk 1) before summing with appropriate Fermi Surface weights. In this way, the two integration weights are treated symmetrically.

ep_keepbands¶

Mnemonics: Electron-Phonon KEEP dependence on electron BANDS
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_ElPhonTransport
Variable type: integer
Dimensions: scalar
Default value: 0

Test list (click to open). Moderately used, [7/65] in all anaddb tests, [1/9] in anaddb tutorials

This flag determines whether the dependency of the electron-phonon matrix elements on the electron band index is kept ( ep_keepbands 1), or whether it is summed over immediately with appropriate Fermi Surface weights. For transport calculations ep_keepbands must be set to 1.

ep_nqpt¶

Mnemonics: Electron Phonon Number of Q PoinTs
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_ElPhonTransport
Variable type: integer
Dimensions: scalar
Default value: 0

Test list (click to open). Moderately used, [1/65] in all anaddb tests, [0/9] in anaddb tutorials

In case a non-uniform grid of q-points is being used, for direct calculation of the electron-phonon quantities without interpolation, this specifies the number of q-points to be found in the GKK file, independently of the normal anaddb input (ngqpt)

ep_nspline¶

Mnemonics: Electron Phonon Number for SPLINE interpolation
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_ElPhonTransport
Variable type: integer
Dimensions: scalar
Default value: 20

Test list (click to open). Moderately used, [1/65] in all anaddb tests, [0/9] in anaddb tutorials

The scale factor for cubic spline interpolation, only used in the relaxation time approximation (ifltransport=3).

ep_prt_yambo¶

Mnemonics: Electron Phonon PRinTout YAMBO data
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_ElPhonInt
Variable type: integer
Dimensions: scalar
Default value: 0

Test list (click to open). Moderately used, [1/65] in all anaddb tests, [0/9] in anaddb tutorials

For electron-phonon calculations, print out matrix elements for use by the yambo code.

ep_qptlist¶

Mnemonics: Electron Phonon Q PoinT LIST
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_PhononWidth
Variable type: real
Dimensions: (3,ep_nqpt)
Default value: (3*ep_nqpt)*0

Test list (click to open). Moderately used, [1/65] in all anaddb tests, [0/9] in anaddb tutorials

In case a non-uniform grid of q-points is being used, for direct calculation of the electron-phonon quantities without interpolation, this specifies the q-points to be found in the GKK file, independently of the normal anaddb input (ngqpt), in reduced coordinates of the reciprocal space lattice.

ep_scalprod¶

Mnemonics: DO SCALar PRODuct for gkk matrix elements
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_PhononWidth
Variable type: integer
Dimensions: scalar
Default value: 0

Test list (click to open). Moderately used, [6/65] in all anaddb tests, [0/9] in anaddb tutorials

The input variable ep_scalprod is a flag determining whether the scalar product of the electron-phonon matrix elements (gkk) with the phonon displacement vectors is done before or after interpolation. Doing so before ( ep_scalprod 1) makes phonon linewidths smoother but introduces an error, as the interpolated phonons and gkk are not diagonalized in the same basis. Doing so afterwards ( ep_scalprod 0) eliminates the diagonalization error, but sometimes gives small spikes in the phonon linewidths near band crossings or high symmetry points. I do not know why…

freeze_displ¶

Mnemonics: FREEZE DISPLacement of phonons into supercells
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_PhononBands
Variable type: real
Dimensions: scalar
Default value: 0.0

Test list (click to open). Moderately used, [5/65] in all anaddb tests, [0/9] in anaddb tutorials

If different from zero, freeze_displ will be used as the amplitude of a phonon displacement. For each q-point and mode in the qph1l list, a file will be created containing a supercell of atoms with the corresponding phonon displacements frozen in. This is typically useful to freeze a soft phonon mode, then let it relax in abinit afterwards.

freeze_displ is unitless, but has a physical meaning: it is related to the Bose distribution $n_B$ and the frequency $\omega_{qs}$ of the phonon mode. At a given temperature T, freeze_displ will give the mean square displacement of atoms (along with the displacement vectors, which are in Bohr). In atomic units freeze_displ = $\sqrt{(0.5 + n_B(\omega_{qs}/kT) / \omega_{qs}}$. Typical values are 50-200 for a frequency of a few hundred cm$^{-1}$ and room temperature. If all you want is to break the symmetry in the right direction, any reasonable value (10-50) should be ok.

WARNING: this will create a lot of files (3*natom*nph1l), so it should be used with a small number nph1l of q-points for interpolation.

frmax¶

Mnemonics: FRequency MAXimum
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_Phonons
Variable type: real
Dimensions: scalar
Default value: 10.0

Test list (click to open). Moderately used, [3/65] in all anaddb tests, [0/9] in anaddb tutorials

Value of the largest frequency for the frequency-dependent dielectric tensor, in Hartree.

frmin¶

Mnemonics: FRequency MINimum
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_Phonons
Variable type: real
Dimensions: scalar
Default value: 0.0

Test list (click to open). Moderately used, [3/65] in all anaddb tests, [0/9] in anaddb tutorials

Value of the lowest frequency for the frequency-dependent dielectric tensor, in Hartree.

gkqwrite¶

Mnemonics: GKk for input Q grid to be WRITtEn to disk
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_ElPhonInt
Variable type: integer
Dimensions: scalar
Default value: 0

Test list (click to open). Moderately used, [1/65] in all anaddb tests, [0/9] in anaddb tutorials

Flag to write out the reciprocal space matrix elements to a disk file named gkqfile. This reduces strongly the memory needed for an electron-phonon run.

gruns_ddbs¶

Mnemonics: GRUNeiSen DDBS
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_Temperature
Variable type: string
Dimensions: (gruns_nddbs)
Default value: Empty

Test list (click to open). Moderately used, [1/65] in all anaddb tests, [0/9] in anaddb tutorials

List of strings with the paths of the DDB files used for the calculation of the Gruneisen parameters. Each string must be enclosed by quotation marks. The number of DDB files is defined by gruns_nddbs (possible values are: 3,5,7,9) The DDB files correspond to phonon calculations performed at different volumes (usually ± 1% of the equilibrium volume). The DDB files must be ordered according to the volume of the unit cell (the DDB with smallest volume comes first) and the volume increment must be constant. The code computes the derivative of the dynamical matrix wrt the volume using central finite difference.

gruns_nddbs¶

Mnemonics: GRUNeiSen Number of DDB files
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_Temperature
Variable type: integer
Dimensions: scalar
Default value: 0

Test list (click to open). Moderately used, [1/65] in all anaddb tests, [0/9] in anaddb tutorials

This variable defines the number of DDB files (read from gruns_ddbs) used for the calculation of the Gruneisen parameters.

iatfix¶

Mnemonics: Indices of the AToms that are FIXed
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_ConstrainedPol
Variable type: integer
Dimensions: (natfix)
Default value: 0

Test list (click to open). Rarely used, [0/65] in all anaddb tests, [0/9] in anaddb tutorials

Indices of the atoms that are fixed during a structural relaxation at constrained polarization. See polflag.

iatprj_bs¶

Mnemonics: Indices of the AToms for the PRoJection of the phonon Band Structure
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_PhononBands
Variable type: integer
Dimensions: (natprj_bs)
Default value: 0*’natprj_bs

Test list (click to open). Moderately used, [5/65] in all anaddb tests, [0/9] in anaddb tutorials

Indices of the atoms that are chosen for projection of the phonon eigenvectors, giving a weighted phonon band structure file.

ifcana¶

Mnemonics: IFC ANAlysis
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_PhononBands
Variable type: integer
Dimensions: scalar
Default value: 0

Test list (click to open). Very frequently used, [34/65] in all anaddb tests, [4/9] in anaddb tutorials
• 0 → no analysis of interatomic force constants;
• 1 → analysis of interatomic force constants.

If the analysis is activated, one get the trace of the matrices between pairs of atoms, if dipdip is 1, get also the trace of the short-range and electrostatic part, and calculate the ratio with the full matrix; then define a local coordinate reference (using the next-neighbour coordinates), and express the interatomic force constant matrix between pairs of atoms in that local coordinate reference (the first vector is along the bond; the second vector is along the perpendicular force exerted on the generic atom by a longitudinal displacement of the neighbouring atom - in case it does not vanish; the third vector is perpendicular to the two other) also calculate ratios with respect to the longitudinal force constant ( the (1,1) element of the matrix in local coordinates).

ifcflag¶

Mnemonics: Interatomic Force Constants FLAG
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_PhononBands
Variable type: integer
Dimensions: scalar
Default value: 0

Test list (click to open). Very frequently used, [52/65] in all anaddb tests, [7/9] in anaddb tutorials
• 0 → do all calculations directly from the DDB, without the use of the interatomic force constant.
• 1 → calculate and use the interatomic force constants for interpolating the phonon spectrum and dynamical matrices at every q wavevector, and eventually analyse the interatomic force constants, according to the informations given by atifc, dipdip, ifcana, ifcout, natifc, nsphere, rifcsph

More detailed explanations: if the dynamical matrices are known on a regular set of wavevectors, they can be used to get the interatomic forces, which are simply their Fourier transform. When non-analyticities can been removed by the use of effective charge at Gamma (option offered by putting dipdip to 1), the interatomic forces are known to decay rather fast (in real space).

The interatomic forces generated from a small set of dynamical matrices could be of sufficient range to allow the remaining interatomic forces to be neglected. This gives a practical way to interpolate the content of a small set of dynamical matrices, because dynamical matrices can everywhere be generated starting from this set of interatomic force constants. It is suggested to always use ifcflag =1. The ifcflag =0 option is available for checking purpose, and if there is not enough information in the DDB.

ifcout¶

Mnemonics: IFC OUTput
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_PhononBands
Variable type: integer
Dimensions: scalar
Default value: 0

Test list (click to open). Very frequently used, [45/65] in all anaddb tests, [6/9] in anaddb tutorials

For each atom in the list atifc (generic atoms), ifcout give the number of neighbouring atoms for which the ifc’s will be output (written) and eventually analysed. The neighbouring atoms are selected by decreasing distance with respect to the generic atom.

ifltransport¶

Mnemonics: IFLag for TRANSPORT
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_ElPhonTransport
Variable type: integer
Dimensions: scalar
Default value: 0

Test list (click to open). Moderately used, [7/65] in all anaddb tests, [1/9] in anaddb tutorials

if ifltransport =1 (LOVA) or ifltransport =2 (non-LOVA), anaddb calculates the transport properties: electrical and thermal resistivities from electron- phonon interactions in the variational approach. If ifltransport =3, anaddb calculates the k-dependent relaxation time. (needs elphflag = 1)

instrflag¶

Mnemonics: INternal STRain FLAG
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_Elastic
Variable type: integer
Dimensions: scalar
Default value: 0

Test list (click to open). Moderately used, [6/65] in all anaddb tests, [3/9] in anaddb tutorials

Internal strain tensor flag.

• 0 → No internal-strain calculation.
• 1 → Print out both force-response and displacement-response internal-strain tensor. Requirements for preceding response-function DDB generation run: Strain and full atomic-displacement responses. Set rfstrs = 1, 2, or 3 (preferably 3). Set rfatpol and rfdir to do a full calculation of phonons at Q=0.

istrfix¶

Mnemonics: Index of STRain FIXed
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_ConstrainedPol
Variable type: integer
Dimensions: (nstrfix)
Default value: 0

Test list (click to open). Moderately used, [1/65] in all anaddb tests, [0/9] in anaddb tutorials

Indices of the elements of the strain tensor that are fixed during a structural relaxation at constrained polarisation:

• 0 → No elastic or compliance tensor will be calculated.
• 1 → Only clamped-ion elastic and compliance tensors will be calculated. Requirements for preceding response-function DDB generation run: Strain perturbation. Set rfstrs to 1, 2, or 3. Note that rfstrs>=3 is recommended so that responses to both uniaxial and shear strains will be computed.
• 2 → Both relaxed- and clamped-ion elastic and compliance tensor will be calculated, but only the relaxed-ion quantities will be printed. The input variable instrflag should also be set to 1, because the internal-strain tensor is needed to compute the relaxed-ion corrections. Requirements for preceding response-function DDB generation run: Strain and atomic-displacement responses at Q=0. Set rfstrs = 1, 2, or 3 (preferably 3). Set rfatpol and rfdir to do a full calculation of phonons at Q=0 (needed because the inverse of force-constant tensor is required).
• 3 → Both relaxed and clamped-ion elastic and compliance tensors will be printed out. The input variable instrflag should also be set to 1. Requirements for preceding response-function DDB generation run: Same as for elaflag=2.
• 4 → Calculate the elastic and compliance tensors (relaxed ion) at fixed displacement field, the relaxed-ion tensors at fixed electric field will be printed out too, for comparison. When elaflag=4, we need the information of internal strain and relaxed-ion dielectric tensor to build the whole tensor, so we need to set instrflag=1 and dieflag=3 or 4.
• 5 → Calculate the relaxed ion elastic and compliance tensors, considering the stress left inside cell. At the same time, bare relaxed ion tensors will still be printed out for comparison. In this calculation, stress tensor is needed to compute the correction term, so one supposed to merge the first order derivative data base (DDB file) with the second order derivative data base (DDB file) into a new DDB file, which can contain both information. And the program will also check for the users.

See polflag.

kptrlatt¶

Mnemonics: K PoinT Reciprocal LATTice
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_ElPhonTransport, topic_PhononWidth
Variable type: integer
Dimensions: (3,3)
Default value: 9*0

Test list (click to open). Moderately used, [7/65] in all anaddb tests, [2/9] in anaddb tutorials

Unnormalized lattice vectors for the k-point grid in reciprocal space (see kptrlatt abinit variable definitionas well). Input needed in electron-phonon calculations using nesting functions or tetrahedron integration.

kptrlatt_fine¶

Mnemonics: K PoinT Reciprocal LATTice for FINE grid
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_ElPhonTransport
Variable type: integer
Dimensions: (3,3)
Default value: 9*0

Test list (click to open). Rarely used, [0/65] in all anaddb tests, [0/9] in anaddb tutorials

As kptrlatt above, but for a finer grid of k-points. Under development. Does not work yet, as ofJanuary 17, 2019.

mustar¶

Mnemonics: MU STAR
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_ElPhonTransport
Variable type: real
Dimensions: scalar
Default value: 0.1

Test list (click to open). Moderately used, [17/65] in all anaddb tests, [3/9] in anaddb tutorials

Average electron-electron interaction strength, for the computation of the superconducting Tc using Mc-Millan’s formula.

natfix¶

Mnemonics: Number of AToms FIXed
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_ConstrainedPol
Variable type: integer
Dimensions: scalar
Default value: 0

Test list (click to open). Rarely used, [0/65] in all anaddb tests, [0/9] in anaddb tutorials

Number of atoms that are fixed during a structural optimisation at constrained polarization. See polflag.

natifc¶

Mnemonics: Number of AToms for IFC analysis
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_PhononBands
Variable type: integer
Dimensions: scalar
Default value: 0

Test list (click to open). Very frequently used, [33/65] in all anaddb tests, [4/9] in anaddb tutorials

Give the number of atoms for which IFCs are written and eventually analysed. The list of these atoms is provided by atifc.

natprj_bs¶

Mnemonics: Number of AToms for PRoJection of the Band Structure
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_PhononBands
Variable type: integer
Dimensions: scalar
Default value: 0

Test list (click to open). Moderately used, [5/65] in all anaddb tests, [0/9] in anaddb tutorials

Give the number of atoms for which atomic-projected phonon band structures will be output. The list of these atoms is provided by iatprj_bs.

nchan¶

Mnemonics: Number of CHANnels
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_PhononBands
Variable type: integer
Dimensions: scalar
Default value: 800

Test list (click to open). Moderately used, [7/65] in all anaddb tests, [1/9] in anaddb tutorials

The number of channels of width 1 cm$^{-1}$ used in calculating the phonon density of states through the histogram method, or, equivalently, the largest frequency sampled. The first channel begins at 0.

ndivsm¶

Mnemonics: Number of DIVisions for the SMallest segment
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_PhononBands, topic_PhononWidth
Variable type: integer
Dimensions: scalar
Default value: 20

Test list (click to open). Moderately used, [2/65] in all anaddb tests, [0/9] in anaddb tutorials

This variable defines the number of divisions used to sample the smallest segment of the q-path used for the phonon band structure. If ndivsm is specified in the input file, the code will automatically generate the points along the path using the coordinates given in the array qpath.

nfreq¶

Mnemonics: Number of FREQuencies
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_Phonons
Variable type: integer
Dimensions: scalar
Default value: 1

Test list (click to open). Moderately used, [3/65] in all anaddb tests, [0/9] in anaddb tutorials

Number of frequencies wanted for the frequency-dependent dielectric tensor. Should be positive. See dieflag. The code will take nfreq equidistant values from frmin to frmax.

ng2qpt¶

Mnemonics: Number of Grids points for Q PoinTs (grid 2)
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_PhononBands
Variable type: integer
Dimensions: (3)
Default value: 3*0

Test list (click to open). Moderately used, [17/65] in all anaddb tests, [1/9] in anaddb tutorials

The Monkhorst-Pack grid linear dimensions, for the finer of the series of fine grids. Used for the integration of thermodynamical functions (Bose-Einstein distribution) or for the DOS.

ngqpt¶

Mnemonics: Number of Grids points for Q PoinTs
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_Phonons, topic_PhononBands
Variable type: integer
Dimensions: (3)
Default value: 3*0

Test list (click to open). Very frequently used, [52/65] in all anaddb tests, [6/9] in anaddb tutorials

The Monkhorst-Pack grid linear dimensions (coarse grid). Should correspond to the grid of points available in the DDB or to a sub-grid.

ngrids¶

Mnemonics: Number of GRIDS
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_PhononBands
Variable type: integer
Dimensions: scalar
Default value: 4

Test list (click to open). Moderately used, [7/65] in all anaddb tests, [1/9] in anaddb tutorials

This number define the series of grids that will be used for the estimation of the phonon DOS. The coarsest will be tried first, then the next, … then the one described by ng2qpt. The intermediate grids are defined for igrid=1… ngrids , by the numbers ngqpt_igrid(ii)=(ng2qpt(ii)*igrid)/ngrids

nlflag¶

Mnemonics: Non-Linear FLAG
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_nonlinear
Variable type: integer
Dimensions: scalar
Default value: 0

Test list (click to open). Moderately used, [5/65] in all anaddb tests, [1/9] in anaddb tutorials

Non-linear properties flag.

• 0 → do not compute non-linear properties ;
• 1 → the electrooptic tensor, Raman susceptibilities and non-linear optical susceptibilities are calculated;
• 2 → only the non-linear optical susceptibilities and first-order changes of the dielectric tensor induced by an atomic displacement are calculated;
• 3 → only the non-linear optical susceptibility is calculated.

nph1l¶

Mnemonics: Number of PHonons in List 1
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_PhononBands
Variable type: integer
Dimensions: scalar
Default value: 0

Test list (click to open). Very frequently used, [55/65] in all anaddb tests, [5/9] in anaddb tutorials

The number of wavevectors in phonon list 1, used for interpolation of the phonon frequencies. The values of these wavevectors will be specified by qph1l. The dynamical matrix for these wavevectors, obtained either directly from the DDB - if ifcflag=0 - or through the interatomic forces interpolation - if ifcflag=1 -), will be diagonalized, and the corresponding eigenfrequencies will be printed.

nph2l¶

Mnemonics: Number of PHonons in List 2
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_PhononBands
Variable type: integer
Dimensions: scalar
Default value: 0

Test list (click to open). Moderately used, [21/65] in all anaddb tests, [2/9] in anaddb tutorials

The number of wavevectors in phonon list 2, defining the directions along which the non-analytical splitting of phonon frequencies at Gamma will be calculated. The actual values of the wavevector directions will be specified by qph2l. These are actually all wavectors at Gamma, but obtained by a limit along a different direction in the Brillouin-zone. It is important to note that non-analyticities in the dynamical matrices are present at Gamma, due to the long-range Coulomb forces. So, going to Gamma along different directions can give different results.

The wavevectors in list 2 will be used to:

• generate and diagonalize a dynamical matrix, and print the corresponding eigenvalues.
• calculate the generalized Lyddane-Sachs-Teller relation. Note that if the three first numbers are zero, then the code will do a calculation at Gamma without non-analyticities.

nqpath¶

Mnemonics: Number of Q wavevectors defining a PATH
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_PhononBands, topic_PhononWidth
Variable type: integer
Dimensions: scalar
Default value: 0

Test list (click to open). Moderately used, [19/65] in all anaddb tests, [3/9] in anaddb tutorials

Number of q-points in the array qpath defining the path along which the phonon band structure and phonon linewidths are interpolated.

nqshft¶

Mnemonics: Number of Q SHiFTs
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_PhononBands
Variable type: integer
Dimensions: scalar
Default value: 1

Test list (click to open). Very frequently used, [50/65] in all anaddb tests, [6/9] in anaddb tutorials

The number of vector shifts of the simple Monkhorst and Pack grid, needed to generate the coarse grid of q points (for the series of fine grids, the number of shifts it is always taken to be 1). Usually, put it to 1. Use 2 if BCC sampling (Warning: not BCC lattice, BCC sampling), and 4 for FCC sampling (Warning: not FCC lattice, FCC sampling).

nsphere¶

Mnemonics: Number of atoms in SPHERe
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_PhononBands
Variable type: integer
Dimensions: scalar
Default value: 0

Test list (click to open). Moderately used, [5/65] in all anaddb tests, [0/9] in anaddb tutorials

Number of atoms included in the cut-off sphere for interatomic force constant, see also the alternative rifcsph. If nsphere = 0: maximum extent allowed by the grid. If nsphere = -1: the code analyzes different values of nsphere and find the value that does not lead to unstable frequencies in a small sphere around Gamma. The truncated IFCs are then used for further post-processing. The results of the test are reported in the main output file. This option is useful to obtain a initial guess of nsphere: the value that leads to stable frequencies and gives linear dispersion for the acoustic modes around Gamma is usually smaller that the one reported by nsphere -1.

This number defines the atoms for which the short range part of the interatomic force constants, after imposition of the acoustic sum rule, will not be put to zero. This option is available for testing purposes (evaluate the range of the interatomic force constants), because the acoustic sum rule will be violated if some atoms are no more included in the inverse Fourier Transform.

nstrfix¶

Mnemonics: Number of STRain components FIXed
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_ConstrainedPol
Variable type: integer
Dimensions: scalar
Default value: 0

Test list (click to open). Moderately used, [1/65] in all anaddb tests, [0/9] in anaddb tutorials

Number of strain component that are fixed during a structural optimisation at constrained polarization. See polflag.

ntemper¶

Mnemonics: Number of TEMPERatures
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_Temperature
Variable type: integer
Dimensions: scalar
Default value: 10

Test list (click to open). Moderately used, [14/65] in all anaddb tests, [2/9] in anaddb tutorials

Number of temperatures at which the thermodynamical quantities have to be evaluated. Now also used for the output of transport quantities in electron- phonon calculations. The full grid is specified with the tempermin and temperinc variables. The default temperature grid goes from 100K to 1000K by step of 100K. For the largest temperatures, for most solids, anharmonic effects not accounted in the harmonic approximation implemented in anaddb will be important. For weakly bounded systems (e.g. Van der Waals solids), such anharmonic effects might be important already at room temperature.

nwchan¶

Mnemonics: Number of Widths of CHANnels
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_PhononBands
Variable type: integer
Dimensions: scalar
Default value: 10

Test list (click to open). Moderately used, [7/65] in all anaddb tests, [1/9] in anaddb tutorials

The width of the largest channel used to sample the frequencies. The code will generate different sets of channels, with decreasing widths (by step of 1 cm$^{-1}$), from this channel width to 1, eventually. It considers to have converged when the convergence criterion based on dostol and thmtol have been fulfilled.

outboltztrap¶

Mnemonics: OUTput files for BOLTZTRAP code
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_PhononBands
Variable type: integer
Dimensions: scalar
Default value: 0

Test list (click to open). Moderately used, [1/65] in all anaddb tests, [0/9] in anaddb tutorials

If set to 1, the phonon frequencies on the ngqpt grid are output in a format legible by the BoltzTrap code, which does band interpolation and gets group velocities. The output file will be appended _BTRAP

outscphon¶

Mnemonics: OUTput files for Self Consistent PHONons
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_PhononBands
Variable type: integer
Dimensions: scalar
Default value: 0

Test list (click to open). Rarely used, [0/65] in all anaddb tests, [0/9] in anaddb tutorials

If set to 1, the phonon frequency and eigenvector files needed for a Self Consistent phonon run (as in [Souvatzis2008]) will be output to files appended _PHFRQ and _PHVEC. The third file needed is appended _PCINFO for Primitive Cell INFOrmation.

piezoflag¶

Mnemonics: PIEZOelectric tensor FLAG
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_Elastic
Variable type: integer
Dimensions: scalar
Default value: 0

Test list (click to open). Moderately used, [5/65] in all anaddb tests, [3/9] in anaddb tutorials

Flag for calculation of piezoelectric tensors

• 0 → No piezoelectric tensor will be calculated.
• 1 → Only the clamped-ion piezoelectric tensor is computed and printed. Requirements for preceding response-function DDB generation run: Strain and electric-field responses. For the electric-field part, one needs results from a prior ‘ddk perturbation’ run. Note that even if only a limited number of piezoelectric tensor terms are wanted (as determined by rfstrs and rfdir in this calculation) it is necessary to set rfdir = 1 1 1 in the d/dk calculation for most structures. The only obvious exception to this requirement is cases in which the primitive lattice vectors are all aligned with the cartesian axes. The code will omit terms in the output piezoelectric tensor for which the available d/dk set is incomplete. Thus: Set rfstrs to 1, 2, or 3 (preferably 3)
• 2 → Both relaxed- and clamped-ion elastic and compliance tensor will be calculated, but only the relaxed-ion quantities will be printed. The input variable instrflag should also be set to 1, because the internal-strain tensor is needed to compute the relaxed-ion corrections. Requirements for preceding response-function DDB generation run: Strain, electric-field and full atomic-displacement responses at Q=0. Set rfstrs = 1, 2, or 3 (preferably 3). Set rfelfd = 3. Set rfatpol and <rfdir to do a full calculation of phonons at Q=0 (needed because the inverse of force-constant tensor is required).
• 3 → Both relaxed and clamped-ion piezoelectric tensors will be printed out. The input variable instrflag should also be set to 1. Requirements for preceding response-function DDB generation run: Same as for piezoflag =2.
• 4 → Calculate the piezoelectric d tensor (relaxed ion). In order to calculate the piezoelectric d tensor, we need information of internal strain and elastic tensor (relaxed ion). So we should set elaflag= 2,3,4, or 5 and instrflag=1. The subroutine will also do a check for you, and print warning message without stopping even if flags were not correctly set.
• 5 → Calculate the piezoelectric g tensor (relaxed ion). In this computation, we need information of internal strain, elastic tensor (relaxed ion) and dielectric tensor (relaxed ion). So we should set: instrflag=1, elaflag=2,3,4 or 5, dieflag=3 or 4. The subroutine will also do a check for you, and print warning message without stopping even if flags were not correctly set.
• 6 → Calculate the piezoelectric h tensor (relaxed ion). In this calculation, we need information of internal strain and dielectric tensor (relaxed ion). So we need set: instrflag=1 and dieflag=3 or 4. The subroutine will also do a check for you, and print warning message without stopping even if flags were not correctly set.
• 7 → calculate all the possible piezoelectric tensors, including e (clamped and relaxed ion), d, g and h tensors. The flags should be set to satisfy the above rules from 1 to 6.

polflag¶

Mnemonics: POLarization FLAG
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_ConstrainedPol
Variable type: integer
Dimensions: scalar
Default value: 0

Test list (click to open). Moderately used, [3/65] in all anaddb tests, [0/9] in anaddb tutorials

If activated, compute polarization in cartesian coordinates, and update lattice constants and atomic positions in order to perform a structural optimization at constrained polarization.

More detailed explanation: ANADDB can use the formalism described in [Sai2002], to perform structural relaxations under the constraint that the polarization is equal to a value specified by the input variable targetpol. The user starts from a given configuration of a crystal and performs a ground-state calculation of the Hellman-Feynman forces and stresses and the Berry phase polarization as well as a linear response calculation of the whole matrix of second-order energy derivatives with respect to atomic displacement, strains and electric field. In case polflag =1, ANADDB solves the linear system of equations (13) in [Sai2002], and computes new atomic positions (if relaxat=1) and lattice constant (if relaxstr=1). Then, the user uses these parameters to perform a new ground-state and linear-response calculation. This must be repeated until convergence is reached. The user can also fix some atomic positions, or strains, thanks to the input variables natfix, nstrfix,iatfix,istrfix. In case both relaxat and relaxstr are 0, while polflag =1, ANADDB only computes the polarization in cartesian coordinates.

As described in [Sai2002], it is important to use the finite difference expression of the ddk (berryopt=2 or -2) in the linear response calculation of the effective charges and the piezoelectric tensor.

prt_ifc¶

Mnemonics: PRinT the Interatomic Force Constants
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_PhononBands
Variable type: integer
Dimensions: scalar
Default value: 0

Test list (click to open). Moderately used, [1/65] in all anaddb tests, [0/9] in anaddb tutorials

Flag to print out the Interatomic Force Constants in real space to a file. The available options are:

• 0 → do nothing (IFC are printed to the log file);
• 1 → write out the IFC in file ifcinfo.out (the name is fixed) to be used by AI2PS from John Rehr’s group

prtbltztrp¶

Mnemonics: PRinT input files for BoLTZTRaP code.
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_PhononBands
Variable type: integer
Dimensions: scalar
Default value: 0

Test list (click to open). Rarely used, [0/65] in all anaddb tests, [0/9] in anaddb tutorials
• 0 → do not write the BoltzTraP input files;
• 1 → write out the input files for BoLTZTRaP code.

prtddb¶

Mnemonics: PRinT the Derivative DataBase files
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_PhononBands
Variable type: integer
Dimensions: scalar
Default value: 0

Test list (click to open). Moderately used, [1/65] in all anaddb tests, [0/9] in anaddb tutorials

Flag to print out the DDB file interpolated with the Interatomic Force Constants.

The available options are:

• 0 → no output of DDB;
• 1 → Interpolate the DDB and write out the DDB and DDB.nc files.

prtdos¶

Mnemonics: PRinT the phonon Density Of States
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_PhononBands
Variable type: integer
Dimensions: scalar
Default value: 0

Test list (click to open). Moderately used, [9/65] in all anaddb tests, [0/9] in anaddb tutorials

The prtdos variable is used to calculate the phonon density of states, PHDOS, by Fourier interpolating the interatomic force constants on the (dense) q-mesh defined by ng2qpt. Note that the variable ifcflag must be set to 1 since the interatomic force constants are supposed to be known.

The available options are:

• 0 → no output of PHDOS (default);
• 1 → calculate PHDOS using the gaussian method and the broadening defined by dossmear.
• 2 → calculate PHDOS using the tetrahedron method.

The step of the frequency grid employed to calculate the DOS can be defined through the input variable dosdeltae.

prtfsurf¶

Mnemonics: PRinT the Fermi SURFace
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_ElPhonTransport
Variable type: integer
Dimensions: scalar
Default value: 0

Test list (click to open). Rarely used, [0/65] in all anaddb tests, [0/9] in anaddb tutorials

Only for electron-phonon calculations. The available options are:

• 0 → do not write the Fermi Surface;
• 1 → write out the Fermi Surface in the BXSF format used by XCrySDen.

a) Only the eigenvalues for k-points inside the Irreducible Brillouin zone are required. As a consequence it is possible to use kptopt =1 during the GS calculation to reduce the computational effort.

b) Only unshifted k-grids that are orthogonal in reduced space are supported by XCrySDen. This implies that shiftk must be set to (0,0,0) during the GS calculation with nshiftk=1. Furthermore if kptrlatt is used to generate the k-grid, all the off-diagonal elements of this array must be zero.

prtmbm¶

Mnemonics: PRinT Mode-By-Mode decomposition of the electrooptic tensor
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_nonlinear
Variable type: integer
Dimensions: scalar
Default value: 0

Test list (click to open). Moderately used, [3/65] in all anaddb tests, [1/9] in anaddb tutorials
• 0 → do not write the mode-by-mode decomposition of the electrooptic tensor;
• 1 → write out the contribution of the individual zone-center phonon modes to the electrooptic tensor.

prtnest¶

Mnemonics: PRinT the NESTing function
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_PhononWidth
Variable type: integer
Dimensions: scalar
Default value: 0

Test list (click to open). Moderately used, [7/65] in all anaddb tests, [2/9] in anaddb tutorials

Only for electron-phonon calculations. This input variable is used to calculate the nesting function defined as: $$\chi_{nm}(q) = \sum_k\delta(\epsilon_{k,n}-\epsilon_F) \delta(\epsilon_{k+q,m}-\epsilon_F).$$

The nesting factor is calculated for every point of the k-grid employed during the previous GS calculation. The values are subsequently interpolated along the trajectory in q space defined by qpath, and written in the _NEST file using the X-Y format ( prtnest =1). It is also possible to analyze the behavior of the function in the reciprocal unit cell saving the values in the NEST_XSF file that can be read using XCrySDen (prtnest =2).

Note that in the present implementation what is really printed to file is the “total nesting” defined as $\sum_{nm} \chi_{nm}(q)$. Limitations: the k-grid defined by kptrlatt must be orthogonal in reciprocal space, moreover off-diagonal elements are not allowed, i.e. kptrlatt 4 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 4 is fine while kptrlatt = 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 -1 1 will not work.

• 0 → do not write the nesting function;
• 1 → write only the nesting function along the q-path in the X-Y format;
• 2 → write out the nesting function both in the X-Y and in the XSF format.

prtphbands¶

Mnemonics: PRinT PHonon BANDS
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_PhononBands
Variable type: integer
Dimensions: scalar
Default value: 1

Test list (click to open). Moderately used, [1/65] in all anaddb tests, [0/9] in anaddb tutorials

Only if ifcflag=1. This option specifies the file format for the phonon band structure. Possible values:

• 1 Write frequencies in xmgrace format. A file with extension PHBANDS.agr is produced. Use xmgrace file_PHBANDS.agr to visualize the data
• 2 Write frequencies in gnuplot format. The code produces a PHBANDS.dat file with the eigenvalues and a PHBANDS.gnuplot script. Use gnuplot file_PHBANDS.gnuplot to visualize the phonon band structure.

prtsrlr¶

Mnemonics: PRinT the Short-Range/Long-Range decomposition of phonon FREQuencies
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_PhononBands
Variable type: integer
Dimensions: scalar
Default value: 0

Test list (click to open). Rarely used, [0/65] in all anaddb tests, [0/9] in anaddb tutorials

Only if ifcflag=1. The available options are:

• 0 → do not write the SR/LR decomposition of phonon frequencies;
• 1 → write out the SR/LR decomposition of the square of phonon frequencies at each q-point specified in qph1l.

prtvol¶

Mnemonics: PRinT VOLume
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_Phonons, topic_PhononBands, topic_Temperature, topic_PhononWidth, topic_ElPhonTransport
Variable type: integer
Dimensions: scalar
Default value: 0

Test list (click to open). Moderately used, [1/65] in all anaddb tests, [0/9] in anaddb tutorials

Control the volume of printed output.

q1shft¶

Mnemonics: Q shifts for the grid number 1
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_Phonons, topic_PhononBands
Variable type: real
Dimensions: (nqshft)
Default value: 0

Test list (click to open). Very frequently used, [50/65] in all anaddb tests, [6/9] in anaddb tutorials

This vector gives the shifts needed to define the coarse q-point grid.

a) Case nqshft=1 In general, 0.5 0.5 0.5 with the ngqpt’s even will give very economical grids. On the other hand, is it sometimes better for phonons to have the Gamma point in the grid. In that case, 0.0 0.0 0.0 should be OK. For the hexagonal lattice, the above mentioned quantities become 0.0 0.0 0.5 and 0.0 0.0 0.0 .

b) Case nqshft=2 The two q1shft vectors must form a BCC lattice. For example, use 0.0 0.0 0.0 and 0.5 0.5 0.5

c) Case nqshft=4 The four q1shft vectors must form a FCC lattice. For example, use 0.0 0.0 0.0 , 0.0 0.5 0.5 , 0.5 0.0 0.5 , 0.5 0.5 0.0 or 0.5 0.5 0.5 , 0.0 0.0 0.5 , 0.0 0.5 0.0 , 0.5 0.0 0.0 (the latter is referred to as shifted)

Further comments: by using this technique, it is possible to increase smoothly the number of q-points, at least less abruptly than relying on series of grids like (for the full cubic symmetry):

1x1x1 → (0 0 0) 2x2x2 (shifted) → (.25 .25 .25) 2x2x2 → 1x1x1 + (.5 0 0) (.5 .5 0) (.5 .5 0) 4x4x4 → 2x2x2 + (.25 0 0) (.25 .25 0) (.25 .5 0) (.25 .25 .25) (.25 .25 .5) (.25 .5 .5) …

with respectively 1, 1, 4 and 10 q-points, corresponding to a number of points in the full BZ of 1, 8, 8 and 64. Indeed, the following grids are made available: 1x1x1 with nqshft=2 → (0 0 0) (.5 .5 .5) 1x1x1 with nqshft=4 → (0 0 0) (.5 .5 0) 1x1x1 with nqshft=4 (shifted) → (.5 0 0) (.5 .5 .5) 2x2x2 with nqshft=2 → 2x2x2 + (.25 .25 .25) 2x2x2 with nqshft=4 → 2x2x2 + (.25 .25 0) (.25 .25 .5) 2x2x2 with nqshft=4 (shifted) → (.25 0 0) (.25 .25 .25) (.5 .5 .25) (.25 .5 0) …

with respectively 2, 2, 2, 5, 6 and 4 q-points, corresponding to a number of points in the full BZ of 2, 4, 4, 16, 32 and 32.

For a FCC lattice, it is possible to sample only the Gamma point by using a 1x1x1 BCC sampling (nqshft=2).

q2shft¶

Mnemonics: Q points SHiFTs for the grids 2
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_PhononBands
Variable type: real
Dimensions: (3)
Default value: 3* 0

Test list (click to open). Moderately used, [4/65] in all anaddb tests, [1/9] in anaddb tutorials

Similar to q1shft, but for the series of fine grids.

Note that nqshft for this series of grids corresponds to 1.

qgrid_type¶

Mnemonics: Q GRID TYPE
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_PhononWidth
Variable type: integer
Dimensions: scalar
Default value: 0

Test list (click to open). Moderately used, [1/65] in all anaddb tests, [0/9] in anaddb tutorials

If qgrid_type is set to 1, the electron-phonon part of anaddb will use the ep_nqpt and ep_qptlist variables to determine which q-points to calculate the electron-phonon coupling for. This is an alternative to a regular grid as in the rest of anaddb (using ngqpt).

qpath¶

Mnemonics: Q wavevectors defining a PATH
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_PhononBands, topic_PhononWidth
Variable type: real
Dimensions: (3,nqpath)
Default value: 0.0

Test list (click to open). Moderately used, [19/65] in all anaddb tests, [3/9] in anaddb tutorials

It is used to generate the path along which the phonon band structure and phonon linewidths are interpolated. There are nqpath-1 segments to be defined, each of which starts from the end point of the previous one. The number of divisions in each segment is automatically calculated inside the code to respect the proportion between the segments. The same circuit is used for the output of the nesting function if prtnest=1.

qph1l¶

Mnemonics: Q for PHonon List 1
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_PhononBands
Variable type: real
Dimensions: (4,nph1l)
Default value: 0

Test list (click to open). Very frequently used, [54/65] in all anaddb tests, [5/9] in anaddb tutorials

List of nph1l wavevectors, at which the phonon frequencies will be interpolated. Defined by 4 numbers: the wavevector is made by the three first numbers divided by the fourth one (a normalisation factor). The coordinates are defined with respect to the unit vectors that spans the Brillouin zone. Note that this set of axes can be non-orthogonal and not normed. The normalisation factor makes easier the input of wavevector such as (⅓,⅓,⅓), represented by 1.0 1.0 1.0 3.0 . The internal representation of this array is as follows: for each wavevector, the three first numbers are stored in the array qph1l(3,nph1l), while the fourth is stored in the array qnrml1(nph1l).

qph2l¶

Mnemonics: PHonon List 2
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_PhononBands
Variable type: real
Dimensions: (4,nph2l)
Default value: 0

Test list (click to open). Moderately used, [21/65] in all anaddb tests, [2/9] in anaddb tutorials

List of phonon wavevector directions along which the non-analytical correction to the Gamma-point phonon frequencies will be calculated (for insulators). Four numbers, as for qph1l, but where the last one, that correspond to the normalisation factor, is 0.0 For the anaddb code, this has the meaning that the three previous values define a direction. The direction is in CARTESIAN COORDINATES, unlike the non-Gamma wavevectors defined in the first list of vectors…

Note that if the three first numbers are zero, then the code will do a calculation at Gamma without non-analyticities.

Also note that the code automatically sets the imaginary part of the dynamical matrix to zero. This is useful to compute the phonon frequencies when half of the k-points has been used, by the virtue of the time-reversal symmetry (which may induce parasitic imaginary parts…). The internal representation of this array is as follows: for each wavevector, the three first numbers are stored in the array qph2l(3,nph2l), while the fourth is stored in the array qnrml2(nph2l).

qrefine¶

Mnemonics: Q-point REFINEment order (experimental)
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_PhononBands
Variable type: integer
Dimensions: (3)
Default value: 0

Test list (click to open). Moderately used, [1/65] in all anaddb tests, [0/9] in anaddb tutorials

If qrefine is superior to 1, attempts to initialize a first set of dynamical matrices from the DDB file, with a q-point grid which is ngqpt divided by qrefine (e.g. ngqpt 4 4 2 qrefine 2 2 1 starts with a 2x2x2 grid). The dynamical matrices are interpolated onto the full ngqpt grid and any additional information found in the DDB file is imposed, before proceeding to normal band structure and other interpolations. Should implement Gaal-Nagy’s algorithm in [GaalNagy2006].

ramansr¶

Mnemonics: RAMAN Sum-Rule
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_nonlinear
Variable type: integer
Dimensions: scalar
Default value: 0

Test list (click to open). Moderately used, [3/65] in all anaddb tests, [1/9] in anaddb tutorials

Governs the imposition of the sum-rule on the Raman tensors. As in the case of the Born effective charges, the first-order derivatives of the linear dielectric susceptibility with respect to an atomic displacement must vanish when they are summed over all atoms. This sum rule is broken in most calculations. By putting ramansr equal to 1 or 2, this sum rule is imposed by giving each atom a part of the discrepancy.

• 0 → no sum rule is imposed;
• 1 → impose the sum rule on the Raman tensors, giving each atom an equal part of the discrepancy;
• 2 → impose the sum rule on the Raman tensors, giving each atom a part of the discrepancy proportional to the magnitude of its contribution to the Raman tensor.

For the time being, ramansr =1 is the preferred choice.

relaxat¶

Mnemonics: RELAXation of AToms
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_ConstrainedPol
Variable type: integer
Dimensions: scalar
Default value: 0

Test list (click to open). Moderately used, [3/65] in all anaddb tests, [0/9] in anaddb tutorials

If relaxat =1, relax atomic positions during a structural relaxation at constrained polarization. See polflag.

relaxstr¶

Mnemonics: RELAXation of STRain
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_ConstrainedPol
Variable type: integer
Dimensions: scalar
Default value: 0

Test list (click to open). Moderately used, [3/65] in all anaddb tests, [0/9] in anaddb tutorials

If relaxstr =1, relax lattice constants (lengths/angles) during a structural relaxation at constrained polarization. See polflag.

rfmeth¶

Mnemonics: Response-Function METHod
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_Phonons
Variable type: integer
Dimensions: scalar
Default value: 1

Test list (click to open). Moderately used, [8/65] in all anaddb tests, [2/9] in anaddb tutorials

Select a particular set of Data Blocks in the DDB. (PRESENTLY, ONLY OPTION 1 IS AVAILABLE)

• 1 → Blocks obtained by a non-stationary formulation.
• 2 → Blocks obtained by a stationary formulation.

For more detailed explanations, see abinit help file. If the information in the DDB is available, always use the option 2. If not, you can try option 1, which is less accurate.

rifcsph¶

Mnemonics: Radius of the Interatomic Force Constant SPHere
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_PhononBands
Variable type: real
Dimensions: scalar
Default value: zero

Test list (click to open). Moderately used, [1/65] in all anaddb tests, [0/9] in anaddb tutorials

Cut-off radius for the sphere for interatomic force constant, see also the alternative nsphere. If rifcsph = 0: maximum extent allowed by the grid.

This number defines the atoms for which the short range part of the interatomic force constants, after imposition of the acoustic sum rule, will not be put to zero.

selectz¶

Mnemonics: SeLECT Z
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_Phonons
Variable type: integer
Dimensions: scalar
Default value: 0

Test list (click to open). Moderately used, [7/65] in all anaddb tests, [1/9] in anaddb tutorials

Select some parts of the effective charge tensor. (This is done after the application or non-application of the ASR for effective charges). The transformed effective charges are then used for all the subsequent calculations.

• 0 → The effective charge tensor is left as it is.
• 1 → For each atom, the effective charge tensor is made isotropic, by calculating the trace of the matrix, dividing it by 3, and using this number in a diagonal effective charge tensor.
• 2 → For each atom, the effective charge tensor is made symmetric, by simply averaging on symmetrical elements.

Note: this is for analysis the effect of anisotropy in the effective charge. The result with non-zero selectz are unphysical.

symdynmat¶

Mnemonics: SYMmetrize the DYNamical MATrix
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_Phonons, topic_PhononBands
Variable type: integer
Dimensions: scalar
Default value: 1
Comment: (was 0 before v5.3)

Test list (click to open). Moderately used, [11/65] in all anaddb tests, [0/9] in anaddb tutorials

If symdynmat is equal to 1, the dynamical matrix is symmetrized before the diagonalization. This is especially useful when the set of primitive vectors of the unit cell and their opposite do not reflect the symmetries of the Bravais lattice (typical case: body-centered tetragonal lattices ; FCC and BCC lattices might be treated with the proper setting of the brav variable), and the interpolation procedure based on interatomic force constant is used: there are some slight symmetry breaking effects. The latter can be bypassed by this additional symmetrization.

symgkq¶

Mnemonics: SYMmetrize the GKk matrix elements for each Q
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_ElPhonInt
Variable type: integer
Dimensions: scalar
Default value: 1

Test list (click to open). Moderately used, [1/65] in all anaddb tests, [0/9] in anaddb tutorials

If symgkq is equal to 1, the electron-phonon matrix elements are symmetrized over the small group of the q-point they correspond to. This should always be used, except for debugging or test purposes.

targetpol¶

Mnemonics: TARGET POLarization
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_ConstrainedPol
Variable type: real
Dimensions: (3)
Default value: 0.0

Test list (click to open). Moderately used, [2/65] in all anaddb tests, [0/9] in anaddb tutorials

Target value of the polarization in cartesian coordinates and in C/m$^2$. See polflag.

telphint¶

Mnemonics: Technique for ELectron-PHonon INTegration
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_ElPhonTransport, topic_PhononWidth
Variable type: integer
Dimensions: scalar
Default value: 1

Test list (click to open). Moderately used, [6/65] in all anaddb tests, [2/9] in anaddb tutorials

Flag controlling the Fermi surface integration technique used for electron-phonon quantities.

• 0 = tetrahedron method (no adjustable parameter)
• 1 = Gaussian smearing (see elphsmear)
• 2 = uniformly weighted band window between ep_b_min and ep_b_max, for all k-points

temperinc¶

Mnemonics: TEMPERature INCrease
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_Temperature
Variable type: real
Dimensions: scalar
Default value: 100.0

Test list (click to open). Moderately used, [14/65] in all anaddb tests, [2/9] in anaddb tutorials

Increment of the temperature in Kelvin, for thermodynamical and el-phon transport properties. See the associated tempermin and ntemper variables. The default temperature grid goes from 100K to 1000K by step of 100K. For the largest temperatures, for most solids, anharmonic effects not accounted in the harmonic approximation implemented in anaddb will be important. For weakly bounded systems (e.g. Van der Waals solids), such anharmonic effects might be important already at room temperature.

tempermin¶

Mnemonics: TEMPERature MINimum
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_Temperature
Variable type: real
Dimensions: scalar
Default value: 100.0

Test list (click to open). Moderately used, [14/65] in all anaddb tests, [2/9] in anaddb tutorials

Lowest temperature (Kelvin) at which the thermodynamical quantities have to be evaluated. Cannot be zero when thmflag is 1.

The highest temperature is defined using temperinc and ntemper. The default temperature grid goes from 100K to 1000K by step of 100K. For the largest temperatures, for most solids, anharmonic effects not accounted in the harmonic approximation implemented in anaddb will be important. For weakly bounded systems (e.g. Van der Waals solids), such anharmonic effects might be important already at room temperature.

thermal_supercell¶

Mnemonics: THERMALized SUPERCELL lattice vectors
Characteristics: DEVELOP
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_Phonons
Variable type: integer
Dimensions: (3,3)
Default value: (/(/0,0,0/), (/0,0,0/), (/0,0,0/)/)
Comment: do not calculate any thermalized supercells

Test list (click to open). Moderately used, [1/65] in all anaddb tests, [0/9] in anaddb tutorials

Thermal_supercell defines the real space supercell in which a thermalized atomic configuration should be produced, following the prescription of [Zacharias2016]. The displacements are chosen for each phonon mode according to a temperature, and the displacements are alternated in sign/direction to obtain maximal compensation of the linear electron phonon coupling. In this way in [Zacharias2016] dielectric properties at finite T can be obtained from a single supercell calculation instead of lots of MD and configuration averaging.

The supercell vectors are not constrained to be collinear with the normal lattice vectors: this effect is obtained by using a diagonal thermal_supercell. The lines of the matrix describe the linear combination of the primitive cell lattice vectors yielding the supercell vectors, as for kptrlatt.

For the moment this feature is under development and it looks like the relative phases of the displacements are not fixed properly yet… (Aug 2017)

thmflag¶

Mnemonics: THerMal FLAG
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_Temperature
Variable type: integer
Dimensions: scalar
Default value: 0

Test list (click to open). Moderately used, [17/65] in all anaddb tests, [2/9] in anaddb tutorials

Flag controlling the calculation of thermal quantities.

• When thmflag == 1, the code will compute, using the histogram method:
• the normalized phonon DOS
• the phonon internal energy, free energy, entropy, constant volume heat capacity as a function of the temperature
• the Debye-Waller factors (tensors) for each atom, as a function of the temperature
• the mean-square velocity tensor for each atom, as a function of temperature
• the “average frequency” as a function of the temperature
• When thmflag == 2, all the phonon frequencies for the q points in the second grid are printed.
• When thmflag == 3, 5 or 7, the thermal corrections to the electronic eigenvalues are calculated. If thmflag ==3, the list of phonon wavevector from the first list is used (with equal weight for all wavevectors in this list), while if thmflag ==5 or 7, the first grid of wavevectors is used, possibly folded to the irreducible Brillouin Zone if symmetry operations are present, or if they are recomputed (this happens for thmflag ==7).
• When thmflag == 4 or 6, the temperature broadening (electron lifetime) of the electronic eigenvalues is calculated. If thmflag ==4, the list of phonon wavevector from the first list is used (with equal weight for all wavevectors in this list), while if thmflag ==6, the first grid of wavevectors is used, possibly folded to the irreducible Brillouin Zone if symmetry operations are present or if they are recomputed (this happens for thmflag ==8).

WARNING: The use of symmetries for the temperature dependence of the eigenenergies is tricky ! It can only be valid for the k points that respect the symmetries (i.e. the Gamma point), provided one also averages over the degenerate states.

Input variables that may be needed if this flag is activated: dostol, nchan, ntemper, temperinc, tempermin, as well as the wavevector grid number 2 definition, ng2qpt, ngrids, q2shft.

thmtol¶

Mnemonics: THerModynamic TOLerance
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_Temperature
Variable type: real
Dimensions: scalar
Default value: 0.05

Test list (click to open). Moderately used, [7/65] in all anaddb tests, [1/9] in anaddb tutorials

The relative tolerance on the thermodynamical functions This number will determine when the series of channel widths with which the DOS is calculated can be stopped, i.e. the mean of the relative change going from one grid to the next bigger is smaller than thmtol.

use_k_fine¶

Mnemonics: USE K-grid FINEr than the coarse k-grid
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_PhononWidth
Variable type: integer
Dimensions: scalar
Default value: 0

Test list (click to open). Rarely used, [0/65] in all anaddb tests, [0/9] in anaddb tutorials

When set, kptrlatt_fine is suggested to be given. For the present version, both eigenvalues (denser grid GKK, obtained from mrggkk with only the GS WFK file) and electronic velocities(GKK files from DDK calculation) are needed. Note that the coarse k-grid must be a subset of the fine k-grid.

Mnemonics: Speed of Sound Q-radius, TOLerance KiloMeter/Second
Mentioned in topic(s): topic_PhononBands
Variable type: real
Dimensions: (2)
Default value: 2*0.0d0

Test list (click to open). Moderately used, [1/65] in all anaddb tests, [0/9] in anaddb tutorials

This variable activates the calculation of the speed of sound (requires ifcflag = 1). The first entry of the array defines the radius of the small sphere around the Gamma point (Bohr$^{-1}$). The second entry gives the absolute tolerance in kilometer/second. The speed of sound is evaluated by performing a spherical average on the small sphere using Lebedev-Laikov grids (typical values for q-radius: 0.1 Bohr$^{-1}$) The number of radial points is increased until the integration converges twice withing the tolerance specified by the user (typical values for tolkms: 0.05 km/s).

The default values will not work.